Aerospace Aluminum Plate

As a relatively mature lightweight and high-strength alloy material, aluminum alloy is widely used in aerospace. Aluminum alloy material is generally used as a structural material, which has higher specific strength and better processing performance than steel. In the aerospace field, aluminum alloy materials with high strength, high toughness and strong corrosion resistance are mainly developed to meet the harsh operating conditions of aerospace. The most widely used aircraft grade aluminum alloys are 2000 series and 7000 series aluminum alloys, such as 7075 aircraft aluminum, 6061 aircraft aluminum, 7050 aircraft alloy and 2024 aircraft aluminum. It has been widely used in the aviation field as the basic skeleton material of aircraft. The skins, beams, stringers and other equipment components on the aircraft are all made of aluminum alloy materials. According to the difference in the service performance and use of the aircraft, the amount and specifications of aluminum alloys on the aircraft are also quite different.

• Main aerospace aluminum alloy
• Aviation aluminum alloys used in airplanes
  • Distribution scheme of alu product on airplane
  • Application of aerospace alu alloys on airplane construction
  • Alu alloy application examples on civil airplane
• Aviation grade alu alloys used in transport aircraft
• Aerospace alu alloys used in rockets
• Aeronautical alu alloys used in spacecraft

Main aircraft aluminum alloy used for aeronautics and aerospace

Alloy 1060 and 1050A 1200 are primary aluminum alloys with good conductivity and thermal conductivity, high corrosion resistance, high plasticity and low strength. Aluminum foil is mainly used to manufacture honeycomb structures, capacitors, conductors, etc.

Alloy 1420 has low density and good corrosion resistance. It is mainly used for fuselage skin and longitudinal beam, cabin, oil tank, hatch cover, floor, wing rib and pipe accessories.

Alloy 1035, 1100, and 8A06 have high corrosion resistance, good plasticity, conductivity, heat conductivity, low strength, good welding performance, and are easy to form and process. They are often used as aircraft ventilation system parts, wires, cable protection tubes, heat sinks, etc.

2A01 alloy has high plasticity in hot state and good plasticity in cold state. Rivets are riveted after solution treatment and aging treatment. Therefore, 2A01 aluminum rod wire is mainly used for structural rivets with medium strength and working temperature not exceeding 100 ℃.

2A02 has high thermoplasticity, extruding semi-finished products tend to form coarse crystal rings, can be strengthened by heat treatment, has high corrosion resistance, has a tendency to stress corrosion cracking, and has good machinability. Therefore, 2A02 aircraft aluminum extrusions are mainly used for axial compressor blades of turbojet engines operating at 200 ℃~300 ℃.

2A04 has high shear strength and heat resistance. Its pressure workability and machinability are the same as those of 2A12 aluminum alloy. In the annealed and newly quenched states, it is plastic and can be strengthened by heat treatment. Its general corrosion property is the same as that of 2A12 alloy. The inclination of intergranular corrosion formed at 150 ℃~250 ℃ is smaller than that of 2A12 alloy, Riveting of rivets in the newly quenched state: 2A04 aluminum wire rod is mainly used for riveting structures on aircraft with a working temperature of 125 ℃~250 ℃.

2B11 has medium shear strength, good plasticity under annealing, new quenching and hot state, and can be strengthened by heat treatment. Rivets must be riveted 2 hours after quenching. 2B11 aircraft aluminum extrusions are mainly used for medium strength rivets on aircraft.

The riveting performance of 2B12 in quenching state is acceptable, and the riveting must be completed within 20 min after quenching. It is mainly used for rivets on aircraft.

The thermoplasticity of 2A10 is the same as that of 2A11 aluminum alloy, and the cold plasticity is fair. It can be riveted at any time after aging. It is used to manufacture rivets with high strength. The temperature exceeds 100 ℃, which has the tendency of intergranular corrosion. It can replace 2A11, 2A12, and 2A01 aluminum alloy rivets.

The 2017 2A11 alloy has good plasticity under annealing, new quenching and hot state, and can be strengthened by heat treatment. The aluminum clad plate has good corrosion resistance. When the temperature exceeds 100 ℃, there is a tendency to intergranular corrosion. Anodic oxidation treatment and painting can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of extruded materials and forgings, which are mainly used to manufacture medium strength aluminum aircraft parts, such as skeleton parts, connecting die forgings, pillars, propeller blades, bolts, and rivets.

2024 2A12 aerospace aluminum alloy has good plasticity in annealed and newly quenched states, and can be strengthened by heat treatment. Anodizing, painting and aluminum coating can greatly improve the corrosion resistance. Except for die forgings, 2A12 2024 T3 aluminum sheet can be used as the main load-bearing parts of aircraft, such as skeleton parts, skin, spacer frame, wing rib, wing beam and rivet. It is the most important aviation aluminum alloy. The commonly used states are 2024 T351, 2024 T4, 2024 T851.

2124 aluminum alloy is the first high-strength, high toughness and deformed aerospace aluminum alloy developed on the basis of 2024 aluminum alloy. It is commonly used as the thermomechanical treatment process to produce T851 thick plates with a thickness greater than 25 mm. Therefore, there are few harmful impurities containing Si and/or Fe in the alloy, and the size is small and evenly distributed, so that the elongation and fracture toughness of the material are better than those of 2024 aluminum plate produced by conventional processes, Especially the short lateral performance is more outstanding. The tensile and compressive yield strength, corrosion resistance and thermal stability of 2124-T851 aluminum plate are all better than those of T351. Aircraft parts processed with 2124-T851 aluminum alloy plates can replace forgings, such as aircraft clapboard, which is especially suitable for structural parts requiring heat resistance, corrosion resistance and high stress during machining, but the service temperature should not exceed 175 ℃. 2124 T351 and T851 aerospace aluminum plates are mainly used for aircraft structural parts, wing, fuselage, gun beam, fuselage skin, central wing skin, air inlet, skin and fairing.

2224 aluminum alloy is based on 2024 aluminum alloy, through the high purification of the alloy and the adjustment of the chemical composition of the alloy, the volume fraction of coarse compounds is further reduced, so that the fracture toughness of the alloy is further improved. 2224 aluminum aircraft extensions are used in T3510 state and are mainly used to manufacture structural parts of large civil aircraft.

2324 is characterized by high strength and high fracture toughness. 2324 T39 aluminum plate sheet is mainly used for manufacturing aircraft structural parts

When the strength and other properties of 2524 are equivalent to 2024-T3 aluminum alloy, the fatigue strength of the alloy is increased by 10% and the fracture toughness is increased by 20%. 2524 T3 aircraft aluminum sheet is mainly used to manufacture aircraft skin.

2017A is an Al Cu Mg alloy that can be strengthened by heat treatment. After solution treatment and natural aging, it has high strength and medium plasticity. When the temperature is higher than 100 ℃, there will be corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and peeling corrosion tendency. It is mainly used to make aluminum aeroplane parts with medium strength, such as structural parts and control system tie rods working at room temperature.

The pressure workability and machinability of 2A06 are the same as those of 2A12 aluminum alloy. The plasticity under annealing and new quenching conditions is fair, and it can be strengthened by heat treatment. The corrosion resistance is not high. There is a tendency of grain boundary corrosion at 150 ℃~250 ℃, and the welding performance is poor. 2A06 aircraft aluminum plate sheet can be used for structures working at 150 ℃~250 ℃, and the working time at 200 ℃ should not be longer than 100 h

2219 2A16 has high thermoplasticity, no extrusion effect, can be strengthened by heat treatment, and has good machinability. It is used to manufacture parts working at 250 ℃~350 ℃, such as axial compressor impeller disc. 2219 2A16 aviation aluminum sheet is used for welding room temperature and high temperature containers and airtight cabins 2219 T31, T37, T87, T851, T3511 aircraft aluminum plates are common aviation aluminum plates

2A16 is an Al Cu Mn heat-resistant aluminum alloy that can be strengthened by heat treatment. It has high endurance strength at 250 ℃~350 ℃. It can be used for a long time within this temperature range. Its room temperature strength is lower than that of 2A12 aluminum alloy. The alloy has good weldability. It can be used for spot welding, rolling welding and argon arc welding, and friction stir welding. Aluminum airplane parts operating at 250 ℃~350 ℃ can be manufactured, such as discs, engine blades, etc. 2A16 aerospace aluminum sheet metal is used to manufacture welding parts working at room temperature and high temperature, such as containers, airtight cabins, etc.

2219 aluminum alloy is not only a heat-resistant alloy, but also its low temperature properties (including the toughness of welded joints) increase with the decrease of temperature. Therefore, when 2219 aluminum alloy is used to manufacture liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen containers, the reliability at liquid hydrogen temperature can be guaranteed according to the standard testing principle of room temperature strength. 2219 aerospace aluminum is mainly used to manufacture fuel tanks and combustion promoter tanks on rockets and spacecraft.

2B16 aluminum alloy is an Al Cu Mn series rivet alloy that can be strengthened by heat treatment. It is used for riveting aerospace vehicles with good riveting performance. Rivets are used after solution treatment and artificial aging to rivet the heat resistant structures of large missiles, large launch vehicles and aircraft.

2A50 has high thermoplasticity and can be strengthened by heat treatment. The strength of materials in T6 state is similar to that of duralumin, and the process performance is good. With extrusion effect and good corrosion resistance, it is mainly used to manufacture aerospace aluminum forks and aluminum metal forks with complex shape and medium strength on aircraft.

The thermoplasticity of 2B50 is higher than that of 2A50 aluminum alloy, which can be strengthened by heat treatment. Its welding performance is similar to that of 2A50 aluminum alloy, its corrosion resistance is the same as that of 2A50 aluminum alloy, and its machinability is good. It is mainly used to manufacture complex shaped parts on aircraft, such as compressor wheel and fan impeller.

2618 2A70 has high thermoplasticity, slightly better processing performance than 2A80 aluminum alloy, can be strengthened by heat treatment, high temperature strength, no extrusion effect, good performance of contact welding, spot welding and roll welding, and poor performance of electric arc welding and gas welding. It is mainly used for internal combustion engine piston and complex forgings working at high temperature, as well as high-temperature structural plates.

2524 aviation aluminum alloy is the sixth improvement type of 2024 aluminum alloy. It is a very clean alloy. Its conventional mechanical properties are equivalent to those of 2024 aluminum alloy, but its fracture toughness, stress corrosion cracking resistance, fatigue crack growth resistance are stronger than those of 2024 aluminum alloy, and its damage tolerance is higher. Therefore, the comprehensive properties of 2524 aluminum alloy are better than those of 2024 aluminum alloy. The pre stretched aluminum alloy plate sheet is called as striped aluminum plate sheet, which is mainly used to manufacture aircraft skin and is a high-tech product.

2A80 has good thermoplasticity and can be strengthened by heat treatment. It has high high temperature strength and no extrusion effect. Its welding performance is the same as that of 2A70 aluminum alloy. It has good corrosion resistance, but has a tendency to stress corrosion cracking. It is generally used to make compressor blades, impellers, discs, pistons and other engine parts working under high temperature.

2618A 2618 is an Al Cu Mg Fe Ni alloy that can be strengthened by heat treatment. It has high heat resistance. The working temperature is 200 ℃~250 ℃. The cold and hot working properties are fair, and the weldability is moderate. It is generally used to manufacture supersonic aircraft fuselage, wing skin frame and tail with operating temperature no more than 150 ℃, low-speed aluminum aircraft parts with operating temperature no more than 150 ℃, and jet engine parts with operating temperature no more than 250 ℃

3A21 3003 has high plasticity in O state, fair plasticity in HX4 and high plasticity in HX8. It cannot be strengthened by heat treatment, has high corrosion resistance, good welding performance and poor machinability. 3003 3A21 aluminum coil sheet is commonly used to manufacture aircraft auxiliary fuel tank, gasoline, lubricating oil pipe, and low load parts and rivets processed by deep drawing.

5052 has high plasticity in O state, fair plasticity in HX4 state, low plasticity in HX8 state, and can not be strengthened by heat treatment. Its corrosion resistance is similar to that of 3A21 alloy. Its high fatigue strength is often used to manufacture welding oil tank, gasoline, lubricating oil pipe and other medium load parts, rivet line and welding wire. 5052 H32 H34 H112 aluminum plate sheet is a common state of aviation aluminum plate.

The 5154 5A03 has high plasticity in O state and fair plasticity in HX4 state. It cannot be strengthened by heat treatment. It has good welding performance and good gas tightness. The weld strength is 90%~95% of the matrix. It is generally used to manufacture medium strength welded structural parts, cold stamping parts and frames.

5056 5A05 is an Al Mg alloy that cannot be strengthened by heat treatment. Cold deformation can improve its strength, but its plasticity decreases. The plasticity in HX4 state is medium, which is suitable for hydrogen atom welding, spot welding and gas welding. It has high corrosion resistance. It is commonly used to manufacture welding pipes and liquid containers that require high process plasticity and corrosion resistance and bear medium loads.

5A06 has high strength and corrosion resistance, good plasticity in O state, good gas tightness of argon arc welding seam, and high weld plasticity. The strength of welding joint is 90%~95% of the matrix, and the machinability is good. It is commonly used to manufacture welding vessels, stressed parts, skin, skeleton parts, etc.

6151 6A02 has high thermoplasticity, good plasticity at T4 and high plasticity at O state, and its corrosion resistance is equivalent to that of 3A21 and 5A02 aluminum alloys. It is commonly used to manufacture aircraft and engine parts with high plasticity and high corrosion resistance, helicopter blades, forgings and die forgings with complex shapes.

7A03 has high plasticity under quenching and artificial aging conditions, can be strengthened by heat treatment, and has high room temperature shear strength and corrosion resistance. It is commonly used to manufacture rivets for stressed structures. When the working temperature is lower than 125 ℃, it can replace 2A10 aluminum alloy rivets and can be riveted at any time after heat treatment

7A04 aluminum alloy for aircraft is similar in plasticity to 2A12 aluminum alloy in annealed and newly quenched states. It is used in aircraft structures in T6 states with high strength, low plasticity, sensitivity to stress concentration, good spot welding performance and machinability, and poor gas welding performance. It is mainly used as load-bearing structural parts: girder, stringer, stiffening frame, skin, wing rib, joint and landing gear parts.

7A05 has high strength, good thermoplasticity, is not easy to be cold corrected, has the same corrosion resistance as 7A04 aluminum alloy, and has good machinability. It is generally used as high-strength complex forgings, such as blades.

The strength of 7A09 7075 is high. The strength in the annealed and newly quenched state is slightly lower than that of 2A12 aluminum alloy in the same state, and slightly better than that of 7A04 aluminum alloy. The plasticity decreases significantly in T6 state. These properties of 7A09 aviation aluminum bar are equivalent to those of 7A04 aluminum alloy. It is often used as aircraft skin structure and main force bearing parts.

7A33 is an Al Zn Mg series corrosion-resistant high-strength structural aluminum alloy that can be strengthened by heat treatment, and has high corrosion resistance to seawater and marine atmosphere. 7A33 aircraft aluminum sheet can be used to manufacture helicopter and aircraft skin components for seaplanes, shipborne and coastal areas, and can replace 2A12 aluminum alloy.

7075 can produce various semi products of Al Zn Mg Cu series superhard aluminum alloy. It is one of the most widely used airplane aluminum in the aerospace industry at present, and can be used in T6, T73 and T76 states. 7075 alloy is the main material of aircraft components, which is used to manufacture skin, wing beam, spacer frame, stringer, landing gear, hydraulic system components, etc

7475 is a modification of 7075 aluminum alloy. As the purity of raw materials is improved, the content of impurities such as Fe and Si is strictly limited, the fracture toughness of the alloy is improved, and the alloy has excellent comprehensive properties. The strength and fracture toughness match better than any aerospace aluminum alloy. 7475 aircraft aluminum alloy plate sheet is used to manufacture structural parts with high strength, medium fatigue strength and high fracture toughness, such as wing skin, fuselage skin, spacer frame, etc

7055 aluminum alloy is a relatively new type of aviation aluminum alloy. The upper wing skin of C919 is milled with 7055-T7751 aviation aluminum plate, and the upper stringer of the wing is 7055-T76511 aviation aluminum extrusions

7050 aircraft alloy is an Al Zn Mg Cu Zr alloy, which is a high-purity super hard aluminum. In 7050 T77 state, 7050 aluminum alloy has high fracture toughness, high fatigue strength, good damage tolerance, good stress corrosion resistance and other excellent comprehensive properties while maintaining higher strength. Another outstanding advantage is the high hardenability, which is especially suitable for manufacturing thick plates, forgings and thick section parts. 7050 aluminum alloy is mainly used on aircraft to manufacture main load-bearing structures that require high strength, high stress corrosion and spalling corrosion resistance and good fracture toughness, such as fuselage frame, bulkhead, wing panel, wing beam, wing rib, landing gear support parts and rivets. 7050 T7651 T7451 T73511 T76511 T7452 is a common state of aviation aluminum.

7150 aluminum alloy is the development of 7050 aluminum alloy, and its properties have been further improved. The structural load-bearing parts made of 7150 aluminum alloy T77 state materials include: wing rib flange strip, wing rib web strip, flap rib, flap beam flange head, flap beam web, vertical tail beam flange head, vertical tail beam web, vertical tail web, vertical tail rib, elevator rib and beam, flat tail rib, beam web and beam flange head, rudder rib, beam composite plate and beam flange head, aileron rib and beam, slat rib and beam, leading edge rib and fuselage are not too large

7175 aluminum alloy has high strength, good corrosion resistance and excellent fracture toughness. 7175 T74 T7452 T76511 is often used in aircraft outer wing beam, main landing gear, nose gear actuator and vertical tail joint.

The 7475 has high strength, high toughness, good fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance, and good comprehensive performance. The 7475 T61 T761 T651 T7651 T7351 is mainly used in aircraft fuselage, wing skin, central wing structure, wing beam, bulkhead, bulkhead, helicopter deck, landing gear hatch

7085 is a high-strength forged aluminum alloy with high comprehensive performance and is suitable for large section products. 7085 T7651 is mainly used for purlins.

8090 is an Al Li Cu Mg alloy that can be strengthened by heat treatment. Its strength is equivalent to that of 2A14 aluminum alloy. Its density decreases by 10% and its elastic modulus increases by 10%. It is commonly used to manufacture aerospace skin, stringer, stiffener and other parts.

Aviation aluminum alloys used in airplanes

The amount of aluminum alloy used in civil aircraft generally accounts for more than 70% of the total amount of materials used for civil aircraft. In 1935, the main structural material of the first commercial aircraft DC-3 successfully applied in the world was mainly 2024-T3 aluminum alloy. The progress of aluminum alloy material technology is inseparable from the demand and development of aircraft. Aluminum alloy manufacturing enterprises in the world often cooperate with large aircraft manufacturing companies to improve aluminum alloy materials and develop new materials. For example, Alcoa and Boeing jointly developed a series of aluminum alloy materials with excellent performance, such as 2324, 7150, 2524, 7055, and they are rapidly applied to aircraft

According to the technical level and material selection characteristics of civil aircraft, civil aircraft can be divided into three generations. The first generation passenger aircraft are represented by B707, B727, B737 (- 100200), B747 (- 100200300, SP) of the United States, a300b of Europe, Tu-104, Tu-154, il-86 of the Soviet Union. The main development period of this generation of aircraft is from the Second World War to the 1970s, and most of them adopt static strength and failure safety design. The second-generation airliners are represented by B757, B767, B737 (- 300, 400, 500), B747 (- 400) of the United States, A320 of Europe and Tu-204 of the Soviet Union. This generation of aircraft has put forward the design requirements of durability and damage tolerance, and many new aluminum alloys have been used. The third-generation mainline airliners are represented by B777 of the United States, A330 / A340 of Europe and tu-96 of Russia. In addition to meeting the requirements of the first and second-generation airliners, the design of this generation of airliners also puts forward the requirements of higher strength, better corrosion resistance and damage resistance, and lower cost. Before the 1970s, 2024 and 7075 aircraft aluminum alloys of ordinary purity were mainly used; The aircraft materials developed after the 1970s and currently produced in batches mainly use high-purity aluminum alloys, including 2124-t851, 2324-t39, 2224-t3511, 7475-t73, 7475-t76, 7050-T7451, 7050-t7452, 7010-t74, 7150-t61 and other aluminum alloys; The newly developed 2524-t3, 7150-t7751, 7150-t7751, 7055-t7751, 7055-t77511, 2197-t851, 7085-t7452 / t652 and other aluminum alloys are also used in the most advanced aircraft developed since the 1990s.

Distribution scheme of aluminum product on airplane

Typical application of aerospace aluminum alloys on airplane construction

Aluminum alloy application examples on civil airplane

Aviation grade aluminum alloys used in transport aircraft

The aluminum alloys used in the prototype of yun-8 mainly include 2A12, 7A04, etc. domestic 2A12 czyu pre stretched plates were used. Later, with the needs of aircraft improvement and modification, 2024 aluminum alloy plates were used, and 2124, 7050 and other aluminum alloy thick plates were also used. 2A50 (LD5), 2A14 (LD10) and other aluminum alloy forgings are widely used on the prototype of yun-8 as aircraft load-bearing structural parts.

The material selection of Y-10 aircraft is based on China, in which aluminum alloy is the most used, accounting for 82% of the structural mass, structural steel and stainless steel account for 14% of the mass, and a small amount of titanium alloy, composite materials and other materials. The fuselage, wing, tail and other main bearing structural parts of Yun 10 are made of domestic 2A12 and 7A04 aluminum alloys, as well as 6A02 (LD2), 2A50 and 2A14 aluminum alloy forgings.

Aerospace aluminium alloys used in rockets

Aerospace aluminum alloys are widely used in carrier rockets in the aerospace field.

* The main brands are 7075, 20x4, 2219, etc. the engine device, main components, rotary table, remote control part, etc. are mainly 7075 aviation aluminum. Liquid oxygen tank is mainly 2219, and 20x4 is mainly used for satellite streamlined cover and temperature control valve components.

*Aluminum alloy for aircraft are mainly used for manufacturing fuel tanks and combustion supporting agent tanks in rockets and spacecraft. Such as 2014 aluminum alloy, 2219 aluminum alloy was used, 2024 and 7075 aviation aluminum alloys are mostly used.

Aeronautical aluminum alloys used in spacecraft

The aluminum materials used for spacecraft structure are basically the same as those used for aircraft. Most of the main parts of the skeleton and control lever of manned aircraft are made of aircraft aluminum 7075-T73 high-strength aluminum alloy bars, which are thin and light, and have high strength. Other parts such as bracket, pressing plate folding device, protective plate, door and skin plate, nitrogen cylinder of two thrusters are made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy with good formability and medium strength.

The net mass of aluminum alloy structural parts and components of China's civil aircraft accounts for more than 75% of the total net mass of the aircraft.

*7075-t62, 7075-T73, 7050-t7452, 7075-t73511, 7050-t77511, 7075-t7351, 7050-t7452, 7150-t77511, 7075-T6, 7055-t7751, 7055 - t76511, 7085-t7651, and 7085-t7452 using traditional aluminum alloys;

*2024-T42, 2523-t3, 2024-t3511, 2024gdt-t351, 2026-t3511

*Aluminum lithium alloys are also selected: 2198-t8, Al Li sc-t8, 2096-t8511, 2099-t83, etc., which are widely used in domestic aircraft ARJ21, C919, ag600, y-20, xinzhou-50 and other domestic aircraft.

As a subsidiary of Henan Chalco aluminum, signi aluminum has advanced experience in the field of aviation aluminum, with AS9001 certificate we serving many domestic and foreign aviation parts manufacturers with competitive aircraft aluminum price, such as Collins Aerospace and Teploobmennik. As professional aircraft aluminum supplier, we can customize various aviation aluminum materials according to customer needs, and has a large inventory of 2 series and 7 series aluminum alloys, which ensures the timeliness of small batch supply and wins the praise of large customers.